RENAISSANCE (MS. ISRAILA)

RENAISSANCE

· Is the period of “rebirth” as age of preparation for the 17^th century of scientific developments and achievements that began in about 1400 in Italy and spread rapidly over most of Europe.

· New approaches to science were introduced. Scientist began to observed carefully, to measure and experiment in studying natural phenomena.

· 16^th century-Start of studying science by observation and experimentation.

· 17^th century-The movement became a complete scientific revolution.

*ESTABLISHMENT OF ACADEMIES

The Academia Dei Lincei in Rome (1603-1630)

The Academia Del Cimiento in Florence (1657-1667)

The Royal Society in London (1662)

The Academie Des Sciences in Paris (1666)

*BOOKS OF JOURNAL

Journal Des Savants of Paris (1665)

Acta Eruditorum of Leipzig (1682)

*GREAT TREATISES

Principia mathematica of Sir Isaac Newton (1687)

Traite De La Lumiere of Christian Huygens (1690)

*REMARKABLE SCIENTIST DURING RENAISSANCE

Johann Gutenberg (1450)-The invention of printing press

German Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa (1401-64)-The Latin Exponent of the value of experiment, whose recorded careful experiment on a growing plant, providing that it absorbs something from the air, is the first formal biological experiment and the first experimental proof that air has weight.

NICHOLAS COPERNICUS (1453-1543) - Developed heliocentric theory using Scientific method.

LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452-1519)- He considered as the greatest artist of his time and was it’s the greatest scientific exponent

ANDRES VESALIUS (1514- 1564) - He wrote one of the first accurate books on human anatomy, De Humani Corporis Fabrica. Founder of modern human anatomy.

*THE NEW STATUS OF THE GREEK SCIENCE

Ø The renaissance saw the revival of platonic thoughts

Ø 1550 an accumulation of biological works based on Aristotle tended to confirm him as “THE MASTER OF THOSE THAT KNOW” in that particular Field.

Ø SIMON STEVINUS-Introduced the decimal fraction

Ø GALILEO GALILEI (1564-16420)-an astronomer who made telescope

Ø JOHANNES KEPLER (1571-1630)-Theorized about the movement of the Planets.

Ø RENE DESCARTES-The inventor of the graph who believed in god’s Existence.

Ø PARACELSUS-Alchemist and Physician of the renaissance. Added a third elements “salt” to make a trinity of alchemical elements.

Ø FRANCIS BACON-Improvised the scientific method w/c was based on trial and error.

Ø SIR ISAAC NEWTON-Discovered the gravity.

*NATURE OF EUROPEAN SCIENCE

Ø Owes its past successes and its special character to its sharing, in its Metaphysics and method.

Ø The basics features of European society where aggressive cooperation for a common good.

*SCIENCE DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Ø An industrial revolution began that transformed Europe from Agrarian to urban society towards the end of the 18^th century.