PHILOSOPHY
- is a thinking which aim at a maximum connected to the truth about all available experiences.
- a science of theory of knowledge.
- formulated ideas base from science.
Science and Philosophy differs in:
- scope
- approach
- nature
Function:
- to carefully examine and criticize the premises and conclusion of all sciences.
- to synthesized findings
- to harmonized and bring this in other sciences together.
Two Major Categories of Philosophy
Theoretical Philosophy- directs itself to knowing things without thinking of its application.
- metaphysis
- ontology
- cosmology
- theodicy
- psychology
- epistemology
Practical Philosophy- directs its concern to things which are useful
- semantics
- logic
- ethics
- axiology
- aesthetics
PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
-from the greek word 'analusis' means to breakdown
-it is the process of breakingdown topic to gain better understanding
Three main Ways Of Forming Analysis
- explication- taking part by part
- redefinition- simplifying term
- illustration- taking its opposite view
KNOWLEDGE
-it is an expertise and skills acqiured by a person through experience or education
Four matters of facts:
- something exist
- can be known
- something w/c matter
- something including the foregoing statement
other sources of knowledge
- customs and tradition
- sense perception
- intuition
PERCEPTION
-the process of attaining awarenes or understanding of sensory information
THOUGHT
-act of thinking, which one thinks, opinions or reflection
CONCEPT
-really habits of expectation, serves as a representation of an object.
LANGUAGE
-an abstract system of word meaning and symbol of all aspect of culure. It includes speech written character, numerals, and symbols, gesturs etc.
Ingredients of situation
- object
- sign
- interpreter
CLASSIFICATION
-distinction, identification, and organization of two or more items or object.
Plato's theory of Universals
- universalia in re- universals in the thing
- universalia ante rem- universalia before the things
- universalia post rem- universalia after the things
Four different types of similarity
- genetic similarity
- structural similarity
- functional similarity
- apparent similarity
DEFINITION
-the statement of the essental properties of a certain thing.
Kinds:
- lexical
- extentional
- intentional
- contextual
- stipulative
- ostenive
- precising
- operational
AXIOM AND THEOREM
-axiom or postulae is a proposition that is not proved
-theorem is a statement w/c has been proven
-axiomatic system is a set of system
Characteristics of Axiomatic system
- independent
- complete
- consistent
A. Greek Civilization
- emerged around 1100 BC. Early Greeks have been fully developed basic elements of mathematics, astronomy, physics, geography & medicine.
B. Person who give contribution on the development of Science.
- Thales - matter was composed of convertible into water.
- Hippocrates - father of Medicine.
- Aristotle - classifications of plants and animals.
- Phythagoras - phythagorean theorem.
- Archimedes - principles of lever & pulley.
- Ptolemy - geocentric theory.
- time of Julius Ceasar, it is said that roman are poorscience but contributed a lot is the field of infrastructure.
D. Romans that gives contributions in the field of Science.
- Pliny the Elder - only roman scientist that is educated and celebrated.
- Galen - wrote 180 books of medicine.
- Cleopatra - Roman queen who uses cosmetics.
