Thursday, October 7, 2010

WHAT ARE QUASARS?

The arrow points to a quasar at redshift 6.2 discovered by SDSS

As you can see, the third spectrum differs greatly from the first two. It is the spectrum of a quasar.

Quasars are so far away that most look like single bright points in the sky - just like normal stars. This is why Photo usually classifies them as stars. To tell the difference between a very distant quasar and a relatively close star, you need to look at other things beside its image, such its colors or its spectrum.

The word "quasar" originally stood for "quasi-stellar radio source." Although quasars were originally discovered due to their radio emissions, only about 10% of quasars have substantial radio emissions. These quasars are now called radio loud quasars. Quasars without strong radio emissions are called radio quiet quasars. Researchers are still trying to determine what makes a quasar radio loud or radio quiet.

All quasars have a substantial redshifts in their spectra. As you learned in the Hubble Diagram project, objects that move away from us have their light shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. The familiar spectral lines seen in most stars and galaxies are frequently redshifted too far into the infrared for us to see. Spectral lines that were too far in the ultraviolet for us to detect in nearby objects move into the visible portion of the spectrum of a quasar.

PHILOSOPHY

  • is a thinking which aim at a maximum connected to the truth about all available experiences.
  • a science of theory of knowledge.
  • formulated ideas base from science.

Science and Philosophy differs in:

  1. scope
  2. approach
  3. nature

Function:

  1. to carefully examine and criticize the premises and conclusion of all sciences.
  2. to synthesized findings
  3. to harmonized and bring this in other sciences together.

Two Major Categories of Philosophy

Theoretical Philosophy- directs itself to knowing things without thinking of its application.

  • metaphysis
  • ontology
  • cosmology
  • theodicy
  • psychology
  • epistemology

Practical Philosophy- directs its concern to things which are useful

  • semantics
  • logic
  • ethics
  • axiology
  • aesthetics

SCIENCE IN GREEK & ROMAN CIVILIZATION

A. Greek Civilization

- emerged around 1100 BC. Early Greeks have been fully developed basic elements of mathematics, astronomy, physics, geography & medicine.

B. Person who give contribution on the development of Science.

  1. Thales - matter was composed of convertible into water.
  2. Hippocrates - father of Medicine.
  3. Aristotle - classifications of plants and animals.
  4. Phythagoras - phythagorean theorem.
  5. Archimedes - principles of lever & pulley.
  6. Ptolemy - geocentric theory.

C. Roman Civilization

- time of Julius Ceasar, it is said that roman are poorscience but contributed a lot is the field of infrastructure.

D. Romans that gives contributions in the field of Science.

  1. Pliny the Elder - only roman scientist that is educated and celebrated.
  2. Galen - wrote 180 books of medicine.
  3. Cleopatra - Roman queen who uses cosmetics.

AXIOM AND THEOREM

-axiom or postulae is a proposition that is not proved

-theorem is a statement w/c has been proven

-axiomatic system is a set of system

Characteristics of Axiomatic system

  • independent
  • complete
  • consistent

DEFINITION

-the statement of the essental properties of a certain thing.

Kinds:

  1. lexical
  2. extentional
  3. intentional
  4. contextual
  5. stipulative
  6. ostenive
  7. precising
  8. operational

CLASSIFICATION

-distinction, identification, and organization of two or more items or object.

Plato's theory of Universals

  1. universalia in re- universals in the thing
  2. universalia ante rem- universalia before the things
  3. universalia post rem- universalia after the things

Four different types of similarity

  • genetic similarity
  • structural similarity
  • functional similarity
  • apparent similarity

LANGUAGE

-an abstract system of word meaning and symbol of all aspect of culure. It includes speech written character, numerals, and symbols, gesturs etc.

Ingredients of situation

  • object
  • sign
  • interpreter