SCIENCE IN GREEK & ROMAN CIVILIZATION

A. Greek Civilization

- emerged around 1100 BC. Early Greeks have been fully developed basic elements of mathematics, astronomy, physics, geography & medicine.

B. Person who give contribution on the development of Science.

1. Thales - matter was composed of convertible into water.
2. Hippocrates - father of Medicine.
3. Aristotle - classifications of plants and animals.
4. Phythagoras - phythagorean theorem.
5. Archimedes - principles of lever & pulley.
6. Ptolemy - geocentric theory.

C. Roman Civilization

- time of Julius Ceasar, it is said that roman are poorscience but contributed a lot is the field of infrastructure.

D. Romans that gives contributions in the field of Science.

1. Pliny the Elder - only roman scientist that is educated and celebrated.
2. Galen - wrote 180 books of medicine.
3. Cleopatra - Roman queen who uses cosmetics.

AXIOM AND THEOREM

-axiom or postulae is a proposition that is not proved

-theorem is a statement w/c has been proven

-axiomatic system is a set of system

Characteristics of Axiomatic system

• independent
• complete
• consistent

DEFINITION

-the statement of the essental properties of a certain thing.

Kinds:

1. lexical
2. extentional
3. intentional
4. contextual
5. stipulative
6. ostenive
7. precising
8. operational

CLASSIFICATION

-distinction, identification, and organization of two or more items or object.

Plato's theory of Universals

1. universalia in re- universals in the thing
2. universalia ante rem- universalia before the things
3. universalia post rem- universalia after the things

Four different types of similarity

• genetic similarity
• structural similarity
• functional similarity
• apparent similarity

LANGUAGE

-an abstract system of word meaning and symbol of all aspect of culure. It includes speech written character, numerals, and symbols, gesturs etc.

Ingredients of situation

• object
• sign
• interpreter

PERCEPTION

-the process of attaining awarenes or understanding of sensory information

THOUGHT

-act of thinking, which one thinks, opinions or reflection

CONCEPT

-really habits of expectation, serves as a representation of an object.

KNOWLEDGE

-it is an expertise and skills acqiured by a person through experience or education

Four matters of facts:

1. something exist
2. can be known
3. something w/c matter
4. something including the foregoing statement

other sources of knowledge

• customs and tradition
• sense perception
• intuition